01637nas a2200241 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260001200248300001000260490000800270520082900278653003001107653002101137653003201158653002401190653002601214653001401240653002201254100002301276700002701299700002101326856004801347 2019 eng d00aTowards a phylogenetic classification of the Ocotea complex (Lauraceae): classification principles and reinstatement of Mespilodaphne0 aTowards a phylogenetic classification of the Ocotea complex Laur c04/2019 a25-500 v1903 a

The large genus Ocotea (c. 400 species) has been known to be paraphyletic with respect to most other Neotropical genera of Lauraceae for almost 20 years, but a phylogenetic classification has not yet been proposed. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis, based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequences of 123 species from the Ocotea complex, focused on the Neotropical species with bisexual flowers. Our results show that several well-supported clades can be recognized morphologically. We discuss the principles of splitting monophyletic genera from large paraphyletic groups, and we reinstate the genus Mespilodaphne as a first step towards a phylogenetic classification. In addition, three species previously included in Aiouea are transferred to Damburneya.

10aclassification principles10afruit morphology10ainternal transcribed spacer10aparaphyletic groups10aphylogenetic analysis10apsbA-trnH10astamen morphology1 aTrofimov, Dimitrij1 aMoraes, Pedro, L.R. de1 aRohwer, Jens, G. uhttps://lauraceae.myspecies.info/node/2037302561nas a2200205 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260001200199300001400211490000700225520192100232100001702153700002102170700002002191700003602211700002702247700001202274700002102286856004802307 2017 eng d00aNeither Phoebe nor Cinnamomum – the tetrasporangiate species of Aiouea (Lauraceae)0 aNeither Phoebe nor Cinnamomum the tetrasporangiate species of Ai c10/2017 a1085-11110 v663 a

Cinnamomum is among the largest genera of the Lauraceae, including species from tropical to temperate Asia and from tropical to subtropical America. However, previous studies indicated that Cinnamomum might not be monophyletic in its current circumscription. We therefore re-investigated the genus and possible relatives with an increased taxon sample, particularly of the Neotropical species. Our results, based on sequences of the nuclear ITS region and the chloroplast spacers psbA-trnH and trnG-trnS, show that the Neotropical Cinnamomum species indeed do not form a monophyletic group with the Paleotropical species. Instead, the American species form a clade in which most species of the Neotropical genus Aiouea are nested within several subclades. According to the ITS data the Aiouea/Cinnamomum clade is sister to the likewise predominantly Neotropical Ocotea complex, rather than the two Paleotropical Cinnamomum clades. Therefore, Cinnamomum cannot be upheld in its current circumscription. As the type C. verum, is from Asia, the Neotropical species need to be placed in a different genus. We decided to transfer them to Aiouea here, because this is the oldest generic name in the Aiouea/Cinnamomum clade, and the only character separating Aiouea from Neotropical Cinnamomum is the number of pollen sacs per anther (di- vs. tetrasporangiate),
a feature that is known to be variable within several other genera as well. This transfer requires 42 new combinations and two nomina nova. In addition, six species described in the unpublished Ph.D. thesis of one of the authors (FLH) are validated in Aiouea here, and the only species of the genus Mocinnodaphne is transferred to Aiouea as well.

1 aRohde, Randi1 aRudolph, Barbara1 aRuthe, Kristina1 aLorea-Hernández, Francisco, G.1 aMoraes, Pedro, L.R. de1 aLi, Jie1 aRohwer, Jens, G. uhttps://lauraceae.myspecies.info/node/2036302285nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014100055210006900196260001200265300001200277490000800289520157600297653001701873653001401890653002201904100002101926700002701947700002101974700002401995856004802019 2014 eng d a1179-316300aA phylogenetic analysis of the Cryptocarya group (Lauraceae), and relationships of Dahlgrenodendron, Sinopora, Triadodaphne, and Yasunia0 aphylogenetic analysis of the Cryptocarya group Lauraceae and rel c02/2014 a111-1320 v1583 a

A phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ITS and plastid trnK intron sequences confirms that Dahlgrenodendron, Sinopora, Triadodaphne, and Yasunia are members of the Cryptocarya group, as expected from morphology.  Dahlgrenodendron from South Africa is sister to Aspidostemon from Madagascar. Triadodaphne inaequitepala is nested within Endiandra (both from Australasia), and Yasunia from South America is nested among South American Beilschmiedia species. Sinopora is a member of the Beilschmiedia clade, but its precise position is still uncertain.  Among large genera of the group, Cryptocarya is clearly monophyletic, and Endiandra appears to be as well, if T. inaequitepala is included. Beilschmiedia is paraphyletic with respect to (at least) Potameia and Yasunia. Most well-supported clades within genera are geographically homogeneous, except a clade including the Chilean Cryptocarya alba and two New Caledonian species. Both Beilschmiedia and Cryptocarya have reached the Americas more than once.  Four-locular anthers are plesiomorphic in the Cryptocarya group; two-locular anthers have arisen by fusion of the two pollen sacs of a theca. In the plesiomorphic fruit type, the ovary is completely enclosed in receptacular tissue; a superior fruit, seated free on its pedicel, is a synapomorphy of the Beilschmiedia clade.

10aBiogeography10aevolution10afloral morphology1 aRohwer, Jens, G.1 aMoraes, Pedro, L.R. de1 aRudolph, Barbara1 avan der Werff, Henk uhttps://lauraceae.myspecies.info/node/19803